20th Century music - Modal verbs and Relative clauses in songs

Beatles "You should have known better"

Bob Dylan  " It's All Over Now, Baby Blue"

Bachillerato U5 Fairness

UNIT 5 Fairness; Crime and punishment, Relative clauses
Relative Clauses

https://learnenglish.britishcouncil.org/es/quick-grammar/relative-clauses-non-defining-relative-clauses

Relative clauses are used to give more details about someone or something. When we give more information about someone, we use the word WHO. When we give more information about something, we use the word WHICH. However, we can use the word THAT instead of WHO or WHICH and the meaning is the same.

The problem is that you cannot use the word THAT in non-defining clauses. Non-defining clauses are the clauses which you can leave out. That was why I always stuck to WHICH and WHO and I never made a mistake. And I advise this to my students too.

 Defining

•Essential information
•No commas
•“That”
•Omission of relative (when it's NOT the subject)

The woman  who/that lives next door is a doctor.

The woman  who/that  I wanted to see is away.

                 (Ø) (it is not the subject)

Non Defining
•Extra information
•Commas
•NO “that”. NO omission of relative.

Our college, which gives education in English, accepts students with scholarship.

Susan, who works in that company, is such a well-qualified person

When a relative clause begins with “which”, we can use it to comment on the whole sentence. 

They didn’t bring any food, which is unusual, since they always bring snacks. 

She called me at midnight, which was rude, because she knows I work early mornings.

The house, the roof of which is broken, should be mended

The English book, the exercises of which are a bit hard, gives a through explanation about the grammar.

Instead of whose ,  of which  can also be used. (* formal language)

ØI have two sisters, both of whom are teacher.

Ø Susan has bought clothes, most of which were  second-hand.  

If there is a to be (am, is, are, etc), delete the to be and the relative pronoun who/which/that)

If there is no to be (am, is, are, etc), delete the relative pronoun (who/which/that) and change the verb to ing.

  The car which is parked there is the director’s car.

  The car parked there is the director’s car.

  The man who escaped from the prison was a bank robber.

  The man escaping from the prison was a bank robber.

EXERCISES (Please write it in your notebook)

1The nurse who is looking after my mother is very kind to her.

 

2. Luggage that is left unattended will be taken away by police.

 

3. Who’s that good-looking man who is talking to Alice?

 

4. All the rubbish that is thrown away in the sea is a real danger to health.

 

5. Do you know the man who is standing near the door?

Compare

non-defining	defining
His brother, who works at the supermarket, is a friend of mine. He has only one brother, and that brother works at the supermarket.	His brother who works at the supermarket is a friend of mine. He has more than one brother. The one I’m talking about works at the supermarket.
It’s hoped that we will raise £10,000 for local charities, which help the homeless. The money is intended for local charities. All these local charities help the homeless.	It’s hoped that we will raise £10,000 for local charities which help the homeless. The money is intended for local charities. Some of these local charities help the homeless. There are other local charities as well as these.

Compare

The soldier who had gold stripes on his uniform seemed to be the most important one.	A defining relative clause which we can’t leave out; without this information we do not know which soldier the speaker is referring to.
The tour party was weakened when Gordon Hamilton, who played in the World Cup team, withdrew yesterday because of a back injury, which kept him out of the Five Nations Championship.	Non-defining relative clauses which we can leave out: The tour party was weakened when Gordon Hamilton withdrew yesterday because of a back injury.

http://dictionary.cambridge.org/es/gramatica/gramatica-britanica/relative-clauses/relative-clauses-defining-and-non-defining

Relative clauses: typical errors

English Grammar Today

• When we use a relative pronoun as a subject in the relative clause, we don’t use a personal pronoun or noun:

That’s the school that does lots of music and drama.

Not: That’s the school that it does lots of music and drama.

• When a relative pronoun is the object of the relative clause, we need a subject (pronoun or noun) in the relative clause:

They met at the gallery that Jane had talked about.

Not: They met at the gallery that had talked about.

• When a relative pronoun is the object of the relative clause, we don’t need another object (pronoun or noun) in the relative clause:

They went to the same restaurant that Mark had been to.

Not: They went to the same restaurant that Mark had been to it.

• In writing, we don’t use commas in defining relative clauses:

Sally is a committee member who finds it difficult to make decisions.

Not: Sally is a committee member, who finds it difficult to make decisions.

Online Exercises

https://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/relative-clauses/exercises?04

http://www.agendaweb.org/grammar/relative-clauses-english-exercises.html

http://www.englishvocabularyexercises.com/eve-exercises/EngVocEx_crime_law_1-3.htm

https://www.englishclub.com/english-for-work/police-crime-quiz.htm

http://www.agendaweb.org/grammar/relative-pronouns-exercises.html

Common English expressions that are associated with crime and jail. How many of these do you know?

English “jail” expressions

• “Ball and chain”
• “Bail some out” (of jail/trouble)
• “In the slammer/bighouse” or “behind bars”
• “To get away with murder”
• Highway robbery
• Cat burglar

“Ball and chain”

Originally the name for the heavy ball that was chained around the ankles so that prisoners could not run away, this term is now (jokingly) used to describe your romantic partner. Yikes!

The ferry ride to Alcatraz is half the fun of this excursion!

“Bail some out” (of jail/trouble)

When someone is arrested in the United States, they go directly to jail . . . although the court date will probably not be for several weeks. Shortly after being arrested, the arrested attends a hearing in which the judge “sets bail,” which means that the judge determines the price the arrested must pay in order to leave jail between the arrest and the court hearing. To literally “bail someone out” means that you pay the price that the judge sets so that your friend or family member can go free. Of course, few people experience this process, so in reality, most English speakers use the term figuratively: to help someone out of a difficult situation.

Alcatraz and San Francisco, 1870

“In the slammer/bighouse” or “behind bars”

All three of these terms are slang for jail.

“To get away with murder”

The phrasal verb “get away with” something means that you do something bad and experience no consequences. To get away with murder is to do something and not “pay” for your “crime.” It is used in a very exaggerated sense: for example, “I only work five hours each day but my boss pays me for eight. I feel like I’m getting away with murder!”

An eerie, beautifully foggy day in SF.

Highway robbery

This term is used when a company sets a ridiculously high price for a product. “Four dollars for a loaf of bread? That’s highway robbery!”

Alcatraz, 1895

A “cat burglar” is a thief who breaks into houses, usually by climbing through a window.

Have you been to Alcatraz? If not, book a trip soon: it’s an incredible experience! 

Test your comprehension with the exercise below.

Please post a comment with your answers

1. While most tourists would rather avoid jail,  no trip to San Francisco would be complete without ________________________________________________
2. Alcatraz is located____________________________________ San Francisco Bay.
3. Alcatraz,the Rock,  was America’s premier ______________________________and for 29 years the final stop for the nation’s most ___________________________
4. Make sure to buy your tickets online and in advance because they  _______________
5. If you schedule your trip for early in the morning, you’ll have more room to _________________________
6. For a spooky trip, book the ___________________
7. When you are visiting the prison, you might want  to pick up a headset for an ____________________ audio tour.
8. You’ll hear stories told by _______________________________________

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Death Penalty Report Listening

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#LearnEnglishwithmovies

The Shawshank Redemption is a 1994 American drama film written and directed by Frank Darabont, and starring Tim Robbins and Morgan Freeman.

Escape from Alcatraz is a 1979 American prison thriller film directed by Don Siegel. It is an adaptation of the 1963 non-fiction book of the same name by J. Campbell Bruce and dramatizes the 1962 prisoner escape from the maximum security prison on Alcatraz Island. The film stars Clint Eastwood, Jack Thibeau and Fred Ward as prisoners Frank Morris, Clarence Anglin and John Anglin

The Green Mile is a 1999 American fantasy crime drama film written and directed by Frank Darabont and adapted from the 1996 Stephen King novel of the same name. The film is told in a flashback format and stars Tom Hanks as Paul Edgecomb and Michael Clarke Duncan as John Coffey. The film tells the story of Paul's life as a death row corrections officer during the Great Depression in the United States, and the supernatural events he witnessed.

Good for you!! You made it here! 
This is the Answer Key for the exercise above

1.The nurse looking after my mother is very kind to her.

2. Luggage left unattended will be taken away by police.

3. Who’s that good-looking man talking to Alice?

4. All the rubbish thrown away in the sea is a real danger to health.

5. Do you know the man standing near the door?

Relative Clauses Game

Fold Your Arms

Speaking activity

In this amusing card game, students define pictures of objects, people, places, and times using defining relative clauses. The class is divided into groups of three (Student A, B and C) and each group is given a set of picture cards. Student A picks up the top card, looks at the picture, places the card face down, and folds his/her arms. Student A then defines the object, person, place or time to Student B using relative clauses. Student B must try to guess the word Student A is describing. Students are not allowed to say the name of the object, person, place or time in any way. They must also keep their arms folded when they are defining the words. This is to stop students from trying to mime the word they are describing. If Student B guesses correctly, Student A gives him/her the card. If Student B doesn't know the word, Student C tries to guess. If neither student can guess the word, the card goes back to the bottom of the pile. Students continue taking turns defining the pictures on the cards until there are no cards left in the pile. The student who collects the most cards by the end of the game is the winner.

3 E Unit 6 New links to practise and study guide

Agenda
Thursday,  March, 30, 2017
Did you turn in your homework?  (post a comment Thursday, 23 - formal letter Monday, 27, what about the actitivities for the King's Speech?Today:
- Do some online exercises  to practise Uni7 6 content
- Read the instructions for the Collaborative Project (delivery date April, 20)

Study guide for Unit 6
Grammar  -- Modals of obligation, prohibition and no obligation (must, have to, mustn't, don't have to) Should /shouldn't
Vocabulary, job sectors, personal qualities
Speaking - making requests
Writing a formal letter  (already done last week) check the blog

Collaborative Project Instructions  (SB pages 72.73) "Creating a Company"
Work in groups of 4 to create a company that offers a service. Prepare the home page for your company's  web page. I will set up the working groups

Step 1: Think (page 72), read a web page and identify features of it
Step 2; Listen and Plan (page 73) exercises 3,4,5
Step 3: Create the web page- 3 options, decide how to present your the web page:

           - Cardboard
           - Digital (word or PowerPoint)
           - Online https://websitesetup.org/
Step 4: Show and tell your web page to the rest of the class and answer any questions

Remember:
- Speak English
- use your own words
- include all the information, pictures, photos
- check grammar and vocabulary, spelling and punctuation

USEFUL LANGUAGE

- What should we do first/now?
- First we have to decide what to do, then we can think of a name ...
- what about making cakes?
- Why don't we open a café?



          

1 F - Unit 7 new links and Past Simple extension

1F Agenda, Thursday, 30

- Drama activity - read and perform the playscripts that you wrote last Monday

- Unit 7 New Links - to practice please click on the links for Unit 7  (You can find it on the left side of the blog as usual)

- Review the Past Simple:

https://www.englishclub.com/grammar/verb-tenses_past_quiz.htm

http://www.agendaweb.org/verbs/simple_past-exercises.html

Bachillerato World Theatre Day

From Oedipus to The History Boys: Michael Billington's 101 greatest plays
In his new book, the Guardian’s theatre critic has selected what he thinks are the 101 greatest plays ever written, in any western language – so do you agree?

https://www.theguardian.com/stage/2015/sep/02/michael-billington-101-greatest-plays

Bachillerato Monday 27 Ireland /Angela's Ashes - Composition - 3 sides of the coin debate

Dear students,
These are the tasks for today related to Angela's Ashes by Frank McCourt and Unit 5

- Deadline for Potato Famine composition

- Research the role of the IRA on the British political scenery in the 20th C. Write 3 separate paragraphs, each one explaining a different viewpoint. Get ready for a debate with Amanda, you do not get to choose your side  
- Tomorrow we will finish watching the film, read and excerpt, discuss poverty and complete some reading comprehension activities

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EXTRA ACTIVITIES FOR TODAY
UNIT 5 Fairness; Crime and punishment, Relative clauses
If you wish you can start practising some of the main aspects of unit 5

https://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/relative-clauses/exercises?04

http://www.agendaweb.org/grammar/relative-clauses-english-exercises.html

http://www.englishvocabularyexercises.com/eve-exercises/EngVocEx_crime_law_1-3.htm

https://www.englishclub.com/english-for-work/police-crime-quiz.htm

Enjoy!

1º ESO MadScript World Theatre Day

World Theatre Day is celebrated every year on March 27. Therefore today we are going to celebrate it in our classroom, are you ready to act?

Get into groups of 8/9 and Fill in the following:

1) Name:

2) Name:

3) Chore you hate to do:

4) Adjective (a word that describes someone):

5) Another chore you hate to do:

6) Name a kind of party:

7) Noun (thing, object or animal):

8) Really big number:

9) Type of person:

10) Noun (thing, object or animal):

11) Food:

12) Animals:

13) Building material:

14) Time of day (hour, minutes):

15) Something you do at a party:

16) Interjection (single word expressing emotion):

17) Room of a castle:

18) Animal:

Then use this information to complete the blanks in your MadScript, finally you will perform your play in front of the class. Let's have some fun!

VOCABULARY BANK:

- Household chores online exercise http://es.liveworksheets.com/worksheets/en/English_as_a_Second_Language_(ESL)/Household_chores/Household_Chores_Multiple_Choice_qr64xr

- Adjectives to describe someone

- Kinds of party

http://www.listchallenges.com/parties

- Animals 

- Materials

- Interjections

Here is a list of interjections with meanings and example sentences. This list does not include all interjections but it does show the more common ones.

interjection	meaning	example
ah	expressing pleasure	Ah, that feels good.
	expressing realization	Ah, now I understand.
	expressing resignation	Ah well, it can't be helped.
	expressing surprise	Ah! I've won!
alas	expressing grief or pity	Alas, she's dead now.
dear	expressing pity	Oh dear! Does it hurt?
	expressing surprise	Dear me! That's a surprise!
eh	asking for repetition	It's hot today. / Eh? / I said it's hot today.
	expressing enquiry	What do you think of that, eh?
	expressing surprise	Eh! Really?
	inviting agreement	Let's go, eh?
er	expressing hesitation	Lima is the capital of...er...Peru.
hello, hullo	expressing greeting	Hello John. How are you today?
	expressing surprise	Hello! My car's gone!
hey	calling attention	Hey! look at that!
	expressing surprise, joy etc	Hey! What a good idea!
hi	expressing greeting	Hi! What's new?
hmm	expressing hesitation, doubt or disagreement	Hmm. I'm not so sure.
oh, o	expressing surprise	Oh! You're here!
	expressing pain	Oh! I've got a toothache.
	expressing pleading	Oh, please say "yes"!
ouch	expressing pain	Ouch! That hurts!
uh	expressing hesitation	Uh...I don't know the answer to that.
uh-huh	expressing agreement	Shall we go? / Uh-huh.
um, umm	expressing hesitation	85 divided by 5 is...um...17.
well	expressing surprise	Well I never!
	introducing a remark	Well, what did he say?

- Castle Vocabulary and information.

http://www.kidsonthenet.com/castle/view.html

Location: Most castles were designed to defend a location. So they were usually located on top of a hill or at the ford of a river, or entrance to a bay or harbor. But the preferred location was at the highest point around, so if there was a hill the castle went on top. This meant you could see trouble a long way off. You could also throw things down at any attacker. Some castles were surrounded by a moat which was a deep ditch filled with water. A small bridge was built to lower and raise as needed over the moat. This was the drawbridge.

Interior: The interior of a castle contained staircases, bedrooms, hallways, priveys (rather like an outhouse built inside the castle), women's rooms (small areas used for chatting and embroidery), possibly a laundry, other household rooms, and

• The Keep, a storage space for food in case of siege, also the last line of defense in the Castle
• Barracks which were the homes of the Knights and soldiers of the Noble
• The Great Hall, a place to feast and meet the noble during formal occasions
• The Chapel, a place to hold religious services
• Gatehouses which were secure places that guarded the gates

Comfort: Castles were great for protection, but not so great for comfort. Castles were drafty places, and gloomy, and usually damp. The fireplaces typically smoked up the rooms. The only light really was from flickering torches. And the floors were either bare stone or covered with animal furs. What furniture they had was also typically damp. Still, in those days, it was better to be gloomy than defenseless!